Comparative Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Solid Construction Materials across North Africa and Associated Radiological Health Risks

Abstract

 Natural radionuclides present in construction and domestic materials constitute a significant source of indoor radiation exposure. This study presents a comparative analytical assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in commonly used solid construction materials across selected North African countries, including Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Gamma-spectrometric data were systematically compiled from peer-reviewed regional studies. Radiological hazard parameters such as Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), External Hazard Index (Hex), and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) were evaluated following international recommendations. The results demonstrate substantial variability in radionuclide concentrations depending on material type and geological origin. Granite and ceramic materials exhibited relatively elevated activity concentrations, whereas sand and marble showed the lowest levels. All calculated hazard indices remained below internationally recommended safety limits. Although the investigated materials are generally radio logically safe for construction purposes, localized enhancements in natural radioactivity highlight the need for harmonized regulatory frameworks and routine radiological screening to ensure long-term public health protection.