Urban Development in Baghdad During the Abbasid Era

Abstract

Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid civilization, was one of the most prominent cities that witnessed a remarkable urban transformation during the Abbasid era. It was founded in 762 AD by Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur, marking the beginning of a new era of thoughtful urban planning. Al-Mansur carefully selected the city's location, taking advantage of its proximity to the Tigris River and its connection to vital trade networks, which contributed to its economic and social prosperity. Al-Mansur played a pivotal role in the founding of Baghdad, relying on sophisticated engineering concepts such as the circular city plan, which provided protection and facilitated movement. He also paid special attention to architectural landmarks, constructing magnificent mosques such as the Al-Mansur Mosque and lavish palaces that reflected the luxury of that era, in addition to creating diverse neighborhoods that catered to the needs of different social classes. Economic, cultural, and religious factors contributed to the promotion of construction and urban expansion. Support for trade, education, and science played a major role in attracting scholars and merchants, making Baghdad a global center of knowledge and culture. These urban developments made Baghdad shine as the bride of Islamic civilization and one of the greatest cities in history.